berg-mann



3 'Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

P. W. BERGMANN. OVEN.

No. 434,577.A Patented Au 19, 1890 (No Modell) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2A F. W.BERGMANN.

OVEN.

Patented Aug. 19

me mum refine cu., moro-umn., wsmxmon, n. c.

(No Model.) Sheets-Shee-t 3.

F. W. BERGMANN.

OVEN.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRIEDRICHk WILHELM BERGMANN, OF BARMEN, GERMANY.

OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 434,577, dated August19, V1890.

Application iiled December 14,1888. Serial No. 293,651- (No model.)Patented in Germany January 12. 1888,1I-44197. ill England November 8.1888, No. 16.180; in Belgium november 1888, No. 83,881 in Isny November20,1888. No. 24,476/ 841, and in AustriaLHnngary Tune 5, 1889, No.45,530 and No. 7,868.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, FRIEDRICH WILHELM BERGMANN, of Barmen-Wupperfeld, inthe Kingdom of' Prussia and German Empire, have invented new and usefulImprovements in Ovens, (for which I have obtained patents,

as follows: in Germany, No. 44,197, dated' January 12, 1888; inAustria-Hungary, No. 45,530 and No. 7,868, dated June 5, 1889; in

1o England, No. 16,180, dated November 8, 1888; in Belgium, No. 83,881,dated November 8, 1888; andin Italy, No. 24,476 341, dated November 20,1888,) otwhich the following is a specification, reference being hadtherein to I5 the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to ovens applicable for baking, japanning,drying, &c., and has for its objects, iirst, to enable the oven to beheated by gas; second, the prevention of soot 2o accumulatingin thelines; third, to enable the oven to be taken to pieces, and, fourth, toenable the heating-chamber of the oven to be enlarged or diminished.' y

An oven according to thisinvention is represented in the annexeddrawings.

Figure 1 shows the mode of erecting an oven according to this inventionin longitudinal section. Fig. 2 shows a plan section of the same, takenon the line 1 1 ot' Fig. 1;

3o Fig. 3, a plan section taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4,'avertical section of an oven modified in construction, on the samesectionline as Fig. 1, and Fig. 5 a similar section with some furthermodifications.

I will proceed to describe in detail the construction and operation ofan oven embodying my invention, and will then point out more definitelyin claims Ithe particular improvements which I believe to be new and 4owish to secure by Letters Patent.

In the drawings, a represents the fire-place of the oven, above whichthere is arranged a retort p, which is covered by a heating-plate o. Theretort p has openings p in its sides,

and coal being placed in the retort and heated by the ire belowgases'will be thrown off, which escape from these side openings intoiiues t at each side. The side walls f of the tire-place turn outwardat.their upper portions and are developed into plates d, which 5o extendoutward horizontally to the sides of the oven and cover the space below,forming chambers c. In Figfl of the drawings these chambers do notextend outward to the sides of the oven; but between them and the outerwall c of the oven there are two chambers or spaces c2, in which thesoot is deposited, as will behereinafter described. 'In Figs. 4 and 5ot' the drawings this construction is modi- Iied by dispensing with thepartition making two chambers, so that the chamber c, in which the sootis deposited, occupies the entire space between the outer wall and thefire-place.

Above the heating-plate ois a heating-chamber l, which is surrounded bythe fines t below, t at the sides, and t2 above the chamber, thelast-named lines extending from side to side and communicating with theside fines. A diaphragm or division-plate extends entirely across theoven immediately over the 7o dues t2, and above it may be arranged asecond heating-chamber Z', underneath which are the flues t3,communicating with the side fines, and also communicating with the finest2 below, by means of central openings sin 75 the diaphragm, which areregulated by sliding dampers of any ordinary construction. The lowerilues t communicate with the side flues t', and if more than oneheating-chamber is employed the passage of the hot gases is thence upthrough the openings s and outward through the flues t3, again into theside iiues, thence upward into the top iiues t4, `and out through acentral exit-tine w, which is regulated by an ordinary damper this be-35 ing the direction of the draft, the force of which is regulated bythe dampers at the openings s and the exit-damper az. The passage fromthe lower flues t to the side iiues t is partially obstructed bysoot-arresters c for the purpose of stopping the soot which may becarried along with the gases from the fireplace. This may be done invarious ways. In Fig. 1 vertical walls are shown at the junction betweenthe two iiues, through which there are pertorations or openings for thepassage of the gases. In Fig. 4 angular plates are shown at thisjunction, the horizontal portions of which partially close the lowerends of the side lines, and in Fig. 5 are upright plates similar tothose in Fig. `l,butwithout any perforations. In all these cases thereare openings in the plates d immediately in front of thesesoot-arresters downward into the soot-receivers, so that the soot caughtor arrested by these devices will drop into the receivers below, whenceit may be removed at pleasure. In the construction shown in Fig. 5 ofthe drawings this opening in the plates d extends outward beyond theupright soot-arresters, so that the circulation is downward through theopenings in front and thence upward into the side tlues. The circulationin each case is indicated by arrows in the respective figures.

'lhe oven is constructed in sections, so that each heating-chamber willbe in a separate section, and the sections are constructed so that theycan be placed one above another in any number desired. Each section isprovided at its upper edge with a surrounding flange z, which extendssomewhat above the wall of the section to which it is attached, so as toreceive the lower portion of the next section above. The sections arethus held together and the joints between them covered.

The dampers governing the openings s are provided with suitable handlesln., to which the usual rods may be attached and extended to the outsideof the oven for the purpose of moving the dampers.

A door b at the base of the oven and at one side thereof opens into thefire-place, and there are of course the usual doors provided for openinginto the heating-chambers.

If it is desired to provide an ovenwith a larger heating-chamber thanthe chambers Z or l', two sections are used without the horizontalmiddle lines 152153, and with no top to the lower one or bottom to theupper one, and the horizontal diaphragm or division-plate is removed.The two sections are then arranged as already described, thereby formingone large heating-chamber, as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings, in whichthere are bottom iues t, side fines z5', and upper flues t4, openingintothe exitiiue w, without any cross-circulation midway of the oven,likethat provided forin Figs. l and 5 of the drawings.

When the oven is constructed as shown in Fig. l of the drawings, withchambers C between the lire-place and the outer walls, the

charged with coal and a fire is heat generated is better retained int-he iireplace by reason of the intervening chambers.

'lo put the oven in operation the retort p is started and kept burningon the fire-place a, which heats the retort and coal therein. Coal gasesare generated by the heat within the retort, and escaping through theopenings p are ignited by the iirein the lire-place below, thus greatlyincreasing'the heat. The highly-heated gases pass from the lower fines tinto the rising side iiues t', the arrestcrs c stopping the soot 65which will be driven against them and causing it to drop into thereceiving-chambers below. The hot gases pass up the side iues t andthence into the cross-flues t, through the openings s into the fiues t3of the next seotion, and thence out to the side lines again and up tothe exit-flue, as already described; or when there is but one largeheating-chamber the gases pass'directly up the side lines to the upperfines t4 and exit-flue, as already stated.

Changes may be made in some details of construction and arrangement, andI do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to the precise detailsherein ishown and dcscribed.

What I claim, anddesire to secure by Let-- ters Patent of the UnitedStates,is-

l. In an oven, theheating-chamber, in combination with the side liliest', arranged on two opposite sides of the chamber, the fireplace a,arranged centrally below the heatingchamber, a retort p, arranged justabove thc open top of the fire-place, parallel to the sides of the oven,provided with lines, and having openings p along its sides, and fillest, arranged one on each side of the retort and leading from thelire-place below the latter outward and underneath the heating-chamberto the respective side fines t', substantially as and for the purposesspecified.

2. In an oven, two or more heating-chambers Z l', arranged one above theother, in combination with the side fines t', the two horizontal linest2 t3, arranged between the IOO heating-chambers and extending from onev side flue to the other, the partition between the fiues t2 t3,provided with openings s, arranged centrally of the chambers, dampersfor opening and closing said openings, the fire-place a, arrangedcentrally below the chambers, and the flues t at the bottom of the ovenleading outward therefrom to opposite sides of the oven and connectingrespectively with the side fluest, substantially as and for the purposesspecified.

3. In an oven,the heating-chamber, incombination with the side Iiues t',the fire-place a, arranged centrally below the heatingeham bers, thebottom lues t, running outward from the fire-place and connectingrespectively with the said side fines, the soot-spaces c2, arrangedunderneath the flues t, having a connection with the latter near theirouter ends, and the soot-arrester c, substantiallyas and for thepurposes specified.

In witness whereof l have hereunto set my hand in presence of twowitnesses.

FRIEDRICH WILHELM BERGM ANN. Witnesses;

CARL KRGER, EWALD KIMHoFF.

